For most material systems that can support such a topological state, pairing is artificially induced by proximity, where the host material is coupled to a superconductor in a hybrid device geometry. (1-6) Both the non-Abelian property and the topological protection of Majoranas crucially rely on the energy gap provided by the superconducting pairing of electrons that separates the ground state from the higher energy excitations. Our study provides a guideline to induce superconductivity in various experimental platforms such as semiconductor nanowires, two-dimensional electron gases, and topological insulators and holds relevance for topological superconductivity and quantum computation.Ī topological superconductor can host non-Abelian excitations, the so-called Majorana modes forming the basis of topological quantum computation. The magnetic field stability of NbTiN allows the InSb nanowire to maintain a hard gap and a supercurrent in the presence of magnetic fields (∼0.5 T), a requirement for topological superconductivity in one-dimensional systems. Step by step, we improve the homogeneity of the interface while ensuring a barrier-free electrical contact to the superconductor and obtain a hard gap in the InSb nanowire. We have systematically studied how the interface between an InSb semiconductor nanowire and a NbTiN superconductor affects the induced superconducting properties. However, accessing the topological properties requires an induced hard superconducting gap, which is challenging to achieve for most material systems. Many experimental platforms predicted to show such a topological state rely on proximity-induced superconductivity. Topological superconductivity is a state of matter that can host Majorana modes, the building blocks of a topological quantum computer.
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